Epic Cardiology provides educational resources to help patients throughout Los Angeles and the Inland Empire better understand common cardiovascular tests and procedures. When healthcare providers need detailed images of the heart and blood vessels, they may recommend advanced imaging studies such as a cardiac CT scan or cardiac MRI. While hearing that you need specialized heart imaging can feel intimidating, understanding the process can help reduce anxiety and ensure you feel prepared for your appointment. Both tests provide valuable information about heart structure and function, helping healthcare providers diagnose and manage a variety of cardiovascular conditions.
Understanding Cardiac CT and Cardiac MRI
What Is a Cardiac CT Scan?
A cardiac computed tomography (CT) scan uses X-rays and advanced computer technology to create detailed cross-sectional images of the heart and surrounding blood vessels. The test can help identify coronary artery disease, evaluate calcium buildup in the arteries, assess congenital heart abnormalities, and examine the structure of the heart.
Cardiac CT imaging provides highly detailed views that may not be visible through standard imaging methods. In some cases, contrast dye is administered through an intravenous (IV) line to enhance image quality and improve visualization of blood vessels. This allows healthcare providers to obtain a more complete assessment of cardiovascular health.
The procedure is noninvasive and generally completed relatively quickly. Most patients can return to normal activities shortly after the scan unless otherwise instructed by their healthcare provider.
What Is a Cardiac MRI?
A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses powerful magnets and radio waves to generate highly detailed images of the heart. Unlike CT scans, MRI does not use ionizing radiation. Cardiac MRI is particularly useful for evaluating heart muscle function, assessing blood flow, identifying tissue damage, and diagnosing various structural heart conditions.
Because cardiac MRI provides exceptional detail regarding soft tissues, it is often used to evaluate conditions such as cardiomyopathy, heart failure, congenital heart defects, and inflammation affecting the heart muscle. It may also help determine the extent of damage following a heart attack.
The information obtained from a cardiac MRI can complement findings from other diagnostic studies such as an echocardiogram or an electrocardiogram, providing a more comprehensive understanding of heart health.
Preparing for Your Appointment
Instructions Before the Test
Preparation requirements vary depending on the type of imaging study being performed. Patients are often asked to avoid eating or drinking for several hours before a cardiac CT or MRI, particularly if contrast dye will be used. Certain medications may also need to be adjusted before the test.
For cardiac CT scans, healthcare providers may prescribe medication to slow the heart rate before imaging. A slower heart rate allows the scanner to capture clearer images of the coronary arteries. Patients should discuss all current medications with their healthcare team before the procedure.
Individuals scheduled for a cardiac MRI should inform their provider about any implanted medical devices, metal implants, pacemakers, or previous surgeries. Because MRI machines use strong magnetic fields, certain devices may require special evaluation before the test can be safely performed.
What to Bring and Wear
Patients are typically encouraged to wear comfortable clothing and may be asked to change into a medical gown before the procedure. Jewelry, watches, hearing aids, eyeglasses, and other metal objects usually must be removed prior to imaging.
For cardiac MRI examinations, metal-free clothing is especially important because metallic materials can interfere with image quality and safety. Healthcare staff will review screening questionnaires and provide instructions specific to the procedure being performed.
Arriving early allows time to complete paperwork, review medical history, and address any last-minute questions before imaging begins.
What Happens During a Cardiac CT Scan?
The Imaging Process
During a cardiac CT scan, patients lie on a motorized table that slides into the CT scanner. Electrodes are placed on the chest to monitor heart rhythm throughout the procedure. If contrast dye is needed, an IV line will be inserted before imaging begins.
As the scanner rotates around the body, patients may hear whirring sounds while images are captured. The technologist may ask patients to briefly hold their breath during portions of the scan to minimize motion and improve image quality.
Most cardiac CT scans take approximately 10 to 30 minutes to complete, depending on the complexity of the study. The actual image acquisition process is often quite brief.
Sensations You May Experience
If contrast dye is administered, some patients notice a temporary warm sensation throughout the body or a metallic taste in the mouth. These effects are generally short-lived and resolve quickly.
The procedure itself is painless. Patients simply need to remain as still as possible during imaging. Healthcare staff remain in communication throughout the test and can answer questions if concerns arise.
After the scan, patients are usually observed briefly before returning home or resuming normal activities.
What Happens During a Cardiac MRI?
Inside the MRI Scanner
A cardiac MRI follows a similar process in that patients lie on a motorized table that moves into the MRI scanner. Unlike a CT scanner, the MRI machine resembles a large tube surrounded by a magnetic field.
During the examination, patients hear loud tapping, knocking, and humming sounds as images are captured. Earplugs or headphones are typically provided to improve comfort. Healthcare providers may administer contrast dye through an IV to enhance visualization of specific heart structures.
Cardiac MRI studies generally take longer than CT scans and may last between 30 and 90 minutes, depending on the complexity of the examination and the information being gathered.
Managing Claustrophobia and Anxiety
Some patients feel nervous about being inside the MRI scanner. Communicating concerns beforehand can help healthcare providers offer strategies to improve comfort. Many facilities provide music, communication systems, or relaxation techniques to help patients remain calm during imaging.
Remaining still throughout the study is essential for producing high-quality images. Technologists provide clear instructions and monitor patients continuously throughout the procedure.
Most individuals complete cardiac MRI examinations without difficulty and find the experience more comfortable than they initially expected.
How Cardiac Imaging Helps Diagnose Heart Conditions
Identifying Cardiovascular Problems
Cardiac CT and MRI scans can provide valuable information that supports diagnosis and treatment planning. These studies may help identify:
- Coronary artery disease
- Congenital heart abnormalities
- Cardiomyopathy
- Heart valve disorders
- Heart muscle damage
- Aortic disease
- Pericardial conditions
- Structural heart abnormalities
The detailed images obtained through advanced cardiac imaging often help healthcare providers make more accurate diagnoses and develop individualized treatment plans.
In some cases, imaging findings may be combined with information from a nuclear stress test, exercise treadmill test, Holter monitor, or coronary angiogram to provide a complete picture of cardiovascular health.
Understanding Your Results
What Happens After the Test?
Following a cardiac CT or MRI, a specialized radiologist and the ordering healthcare provider review the images and prepare a detailed report. Results are typically discussed during a follow-up appointment, where patients can ask questions and review recommended next steps.
The findings may confirm a diagnosis, rule out potential concerns, or guide additional testing if needed. Understanding the results allows patients to participate actively in decisions regarding their cardiovascular care.
Because heart conditions can vary significantly from one person to another, treatment recommendations are based on the individual’s overall health, symptoms, risk factors, and imaging findings.
Taking the Fear Out of Advanced Cardiac Imaging
Cardiac CT scans and cardiac MRI studies are powerful diagnostic tools that provide detailed information about the heart and blood vessels. Although the idea of advanced imaging may seem overwhelming at first, both procedures are noninvasive and routinely performed to help evaluate cardiovascular health. Knowing what to expect before, during, and after the test can help patients feel more comfortable and confident throughout the process.
Epic Cardiology is dedicated to helping patients throughout Los Angeles and the Inland Empire understand important aspects of heart health. Whether patients live in Chino, Inglewood, Sherman Oaks, Lynwood, San Dimas, or Pomona, learning about advanced cardiac imaging can empower them to take an active role in their cardiovascular care and overall well-being.
Resources
Greenwood, J. P., Herzog, B. A., Brown, J. M., et al. (2016). Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Suspected Coronary Heart Disease. Circulation.
Newby, D. E., Adamson, P. D., Berry, C., et al. (2018). Coronary CT Angiography and 5-Year Risk of Myocardial Infarction. New England Journal of Medicine.
Pennell, D. J. (2010). Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Circulation.